Nobel Prize

  Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize is awarded in fields of peace, literature, physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics. The first award was presented in 1901. The Prize is named after the Swedish scientist , Alfred Nobel. He created a will and specified that the trust would use this money to establish the Nobel Prize. Nobel declared that “prizes to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind.” 

On 5th anniversary of Nobel's death on Dec 10th, 1901 the first Nobel Prize was awarded. The Nobel Prize for Economics was instituted by Bank of Sweden in 1968. The Nobel Prize for literature is decided by Swedish Academy. Only Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by non Swedish body, it is awarded by Parliament of Norway. Peace Prize can be awarded to both institutions and individuals. Each prizes can be given to a maximum of three persons per year. The prize winner is given a medal, a diploma ( citation) and cash. The Nobel commemorative medal was designed by Rune Karlzon.

Nobel Prize are presented to the winners at the Stockholm Concert Hall, Stockholm. Winners accept their gold medal and diploma from King Carl XVI Gustaf, of Sweden. The Peace Prize is awarded at the Oslo City Hall in the Norwegian capital. 

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has won the most Nobel prizes. The youngest Laureate is Malala Yousafzai received Nobel Prize for Peace in 2014. The oldest laureate is John.B.Goodenough the winner of 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Nobel prize for Physics 2021 shared by 3, Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann “for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”.  Giorgio Parisi“for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales”

David W.C. MacMillan “for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis" and Benjamin List “for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis won Nobel prize for Chemistry 2021.

Nobel prize for Literature 2021,  Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”