Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and the efforts being made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the No Money for Terror (NMFT)' Conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022.

Here are the major sources of terror funding in India and the efforts being made to curtail these sources

*Major sources of terror funding in India:*

- *State Sponsorship*: States sponsor crimes and support terrorist organizations to further their diplomatic interests.

- *Counterfeit Currency*: Counterfeit Indian currency is used by neighboring states to destabilize the Indian economy.

- *Organized Crime*: Criminal organizations work in nexus and are often connected to bigger terrorist groups.

- *Extortion*: Extortion remains the biggest source of funding of terrorism in India, especially in the North-East.

- *Hawala System*: This is an illegal method of transferring money, generally through international borders that is used by criminal networks.

- *Donations*: Contributions from sympathetic individuals and organizations.

- *Proxy organizations*: Funding from non-profit or charitable institutions which are put up as fronts.

- *Fake Currency Network*: Manufacturing counterfeit currency.

- *Hawala Operations*: Charge a fees for transfer of funds through an informal system.

- *Use of digital assets*: Such as cryptocurrencies.

*Efforts to curtail sources:*

- *National Investigation Agency (NIA)*: The premier agency in India for combating terror across states without special permission from the states.

- *Unlawful Activities Prevention Act*: This anti-terror legislation seeks to designate an individual as a “terrorist”.

- *National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)*: A centralized data library of terror and crime-related information.

- *SAMADHAN Doctrine*: Developed specifically for the Left-Wing Extremism problems, it also aims to curb the access of terror organizations to funds.

- *Prevention of Money Laundering Act*: Focuses on preventing and controlling money laundering, with the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU-IND) receiving reports on suspicious transactions.

- *Enforcement Directorate*: Investigates money laundering offenses and coordinates internationally.

- *Combating Financing of Terrorism (CFT) Cell*: Addresses terror funding cases.

- *Terror Funding and Fake Currency Cell*: Constituted in National Investigation Agency (NIA) to tackle terror funding cases.

- *Amendments to the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act*: Expanded its scope in 2013.

- *India is a member of international bodies*: Like FATF, EAG, and APG, to combat terror funding.

*Aim and objective of the No Money for Terror (NMFT) Conference:*

- *Collaborate with countries*: To curtail terror and extremist funding.

- *Set up a secretariat*: To operate on the concept of collaboration and cooperation.

- *Investigate new and emerging threats*: To understand and counter new methods of propagating terrorism.

The No Money for Terror (NMFT) Conference aimed to bring countries together to combat terror funding and to set up a secretariat to collaborate and cooperate in this effort. The conference also aimed to investigate new and emerging threats and methods of propagating terrorism. India has been actively working to combat terror funding through various efforts, including the NIA, UAPA, NATGRID, and SAMADHAN Doctrine. Despite facing challenges from its neighbors, India stands firm against terrorism.